Applied and bridge studies study record

Archive pending: this older foundational companion record is being superseded by the current top-100 core route. Treat the Decision Accounting papers, Missing System Theory papers, System Asset Pricing Model welfare ledger, and active core records as the production source of truth; use this record only as historical source material.

Reading β_W

β_W means annual system-welfare loss divided by annual industry revenue Π. Revenue is the denominator, never profit, earnings, or net income; ΔW and Π must use the same domain, same time period, and same activity boundary. See the β_W methodology manual.

Contribution — what this adds to the conversation

The mechanism relies on independently profitable unilateral movers, not collective benevolence. Investor alignment comes from disclosure and restoration repricing. Capture resistance is modeled as a foreclosure problem with convex suppression costs. The paper endogenizes concealment and detection in the same adversarial budget.