SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

8 domains mapped · Code: TD

These are jurisdiction-specific research-progress records. They expose first moves, likely actors, and institutional infrastructure where mapped; they are not a claim that every country has a finished statutory memo for all 61 domains.

Canonical domain beta-W from Oil & Gas Extraction. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Chad's oil revenues flow through an opaque pipeline (Doba basin to Kribi, Cameroon). The World Bank's original revenue transparency mechanism (Collège de Contrôle) was dismantled. When oil revenue allocation is made transparent, W becomes computable.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Child Labor in Global Supply Chains. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Chad's unregulated goldfields in the Tibesti and Kouri Bougoudi draw children into the pits; in one 2022 evacuation alone 172 children were among more than 3,200 workers stranded in the desert mining towns. The trade is addressable here because the gold leaves Chad through a small number of trading and smuggling routes toward Libya and the Gulf, so chokepoint controls at export and a formal artisanal-mining permit regime can pull minors out of the supply chain.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Conflict Minerals and Blood Diamonds. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:The remote goldfields of northern Chad sit beyond effective state control, and competition over them turns violent: clashes at Kouri Bougoudi near the Libyan border left roughly 100 people dead in 2022, with gold revenue arming groups that move freely between Chad, Libya, Niger and Sudan. The route is viable because the value chain narrows to a handful of cross-border export routes, so traceability and formal state presence at the goldfields can cut the link between gold and armed groups.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Industrial Monoculture. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Cotton supplies a large share of Chad's non-oil export revenue and ties roughly 2.5 million Chadians to a single crop processed by CotonTchad SN, the country's only ginning operator, 60% owned by Olam since the 2018 privatization. The dependence is addressable because the same smallholder base and extension network can be redirected toward rotation, food crops and local textile processing rather than raw lint export.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Deforestation & Industrial Logging. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:More than 90% of Chadian households cook with wood and charcoal, and the country lost roughly 605,000 hectares of forest between 2001 and 2022 while southern woodlands shrank by 29%, accelerating Sahel desertification. The route is viable because the driver is a single substitutable energy demand: efficient stoves, alternative fuels and managed woodlots can cut the cutting without cutting off cooking.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Fisheries. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Lake Chad fish production has fallen roughly 60% from its 1960s peak of about 200,000 tonnes a year, while displaced and inexperienced fishers crowd a shrinking water body that millions in the basin depend on for protein and income. The collapse is addressable because the lake is governed by a single intergovernmental body, the Lake Chad Basin Commission, which could set shared catch and gear rules across the four riparian states.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Sovereign Debt & Intergenerational Extraction. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Chad's external debt approached $3 billion, of which the commodity trader Glencore held roughly a third through oil-for-cash deals from 2013-2014, and the 2022 G20 Common Framework treatment rescheduled rather than reduced the burden, leaving the country locked to oil revenue and short of cash for health and schools. The route is viable because Chad already proved a precedent as the first country through the Common Framework, and a treatment that actually cuts principal, not just reprofiles it, is on the table.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Topsoil Erosion. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Livestock is Chad's largest non-oil export and FAO counts roughly 29 million cattle among more than 100 million head, but expanding herds on fragile Sahelian rangeland strip vegetation and accelerate the desertification that destroys the same pasture pastoralists depend on. The route is viable because the failure is a shared-grazing commons problem: managed transhumance corridors and rotational grazing can lift output while letting rangeland recover.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

© 2026 Erik Postnieks · Independent Researcher · Salt Lake City