EUROPE

7 domains mapped · Code: BA

These are jurisdiction-specific research-progress records. They expose first moves, likely actors, and institutional infrastructure where mapped; they are not a claim that every country has a finished statutory memo for all 61 domains.

Canonical domain beta-W from Coal Combustion. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Bosnia's coal sector is heavily subsidized through below-market electricity pricing and state employment guarantees. EU accession requires alignment with the EU ETS — when carbon pricing applies, the overlapping interest between coal producers and the state employment system weakens.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Tobacco. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:About 35 percent of adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina smoke, one of the highest rates in Europe, and the state retains stakes in domestic producers such as the formerly listed Fabrika Duhana Sarajevo, so excise revenue and jobs are politically protected while the health system absorbs the cardiovascular and cancer costs. The route is viable because the country has signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and only needs to enforce smoke-free and tax provisions it already accepted.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Gambling. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Bosnia and Herzegovina has roughly 3,200 betting shops, among the highest density in Europe, with an estimated half a million people gambling daily and outlets concentrated in poor neighborhoods, draining household income that should cover rent and food. Because licensing and tax sit with the entity finance ministries rather than physical or biological limits, the country can change the rules through ordinary legislation already under debate.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Deforestation & Industrial Logging. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Forests cover roughly half of Bosnia and Herzegovina and state forestry enterprises plus illegal cutting strip slow-growing mountain stands, degrading watersheds and worsening the flooding that hit the country severely in 2014. The constraint is institutional concession allocation and weak enforcement, not a physical limit, so transparent permitting and satellite-backed monitoring can reverse it.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Water Privatization. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:More than 70 small hydropower projects have been licensed across Bosnia and Herzegovina's rivers, including the Neretva and Kruscica, diverting water away from drinking supply and destroying free-flowing ecosystems while feed-in subsidies enrich concession holders. The Federation parliament already imposed a 2020 moratorium on new small hydropower, proving the game is rewritable through legislation rather than blocked by physics.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Arms Exports. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:State-owned producers such as BNT-TMiH in Novi Travnik and Igman in Konjic export ammunition and weapons to Saudi Arabia, Egypt and other buyers, and OCCRP and Balkan Insight documented onward diversion of Central and Eastern European arms into the Yemen and Syria conflicts. Because every shipment passes through a government end-use licensing decision, BiH can close the diversion channel by tightening that decision rather than accepting it as fixed.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

Canonical domain beta-W from Tax Havens and Offshore Finance. Local route severity is a country-route triage value and is not used in the aggregate portfolio.

PRIMARY ROUTE:Bosnia and Herzegovina loses public revenue to capital flight and opaque ownership routed through offshore structures, leaving its convertible-mark currency board and thin tax base to carry public services, and the country has appeared on FATF grey-list and Moneyval scrutiny for weak anti-money-laundering enforcement. The constraint is institutional transparency, so beneficial-ownership registries and exchange-of-information agreements can close the leak.

4 actor-lane actions mapped

© 2026 Erik Postnieks · Independent Researcher · Salt Lake City